Ethics (for Non-Muslims)

• Defining Ethics; and its relation to Philosophy
• Morality as Compared with other Normative Subjects
• Characteristics of Moral Principle
• The Purposes of Morality
• Cultural Relativism
• Cultural Relativism as a theory of Morality
• Judging a Cultural Practice to be Undesirable
• Ethical Subjectivism
• The First Stage: Emotivism
• Emotivism, Reason and Moral Facts
• The Presumed Connection between Morality and Religion
• The Natural Law Theory
• The Utilitarian Approach: a Revolution in Ethics
• Mill’s Utilitarianism: a modified version
• Implication of Utilitarianism
• Is Happiness the Only Thing That Matter? Are Consequences All That Matters?
• Defense of Utilitarianism
• Kant and the Categorical Imperative
• Absolute Rules and the Duty Not to Lie
• Retribution and Utility in the Theory of Punishment
• The Ethics of Virtue and the Ethics of Right Action
• Some Advantages of Virtue Ethics
• Business Ethics
• The Nature of Business Ethics
• The Ethics of Advertising and Green Issues in Business